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背景

JCStress（Java Concurrency Stress Tests）是一個用于測試和驗證Java并發程序正確性的工具。它是OpenJDK項目的一部分，旨在幫助開發人員發現并發程序中的競態條件、死鎖、內存可見性等問題。hDp28資訊網——每日最新資訊28at.com

JCStress提供了一組注解和API，使得編寫并發測試變得簡單和方便。使用JCStress，您可以定義和運行各種類型的并發測試，包括多線程競爭測試、內存可見性測試、有序性測試等。JCStress會自動執行大量的并發測試用例，并生成詳細的測試報告，以幫助您分析和理解并發程序的行為。hDp28資訊網——每日最新資訊28at.com

JCStress的主要特點包括：hDp28資訊網——每日最新資訊28at.com

• 并發測試：JCStress支持編寫各種類型的并發測試，包括競爭條件測試、死鎖測試、內存可見性測試等。
• 自動化測試：JCStress會自動執行大量的并發測試用例，并嘗試發現潛在的并發問題。
• 測試報告：JCStress生成詳細的測試報告，包括測試結果、執行時間、線程狀態等信息，以幫助您分析并發程序的行為。
• 高度可配置：JCStress提供了豐富的配置選項，如線程數、迭代次數、測試模式等，以滿足不同類型的并發測試需求。

JCStress使用

使用JCStress編寫和運行并發測試的一般步驟包括：hDp28資訊網——每日最新資訊28at.com

• 在測試類或測試方法上使用JCStress提供的注解，如@JCStressTest、@Actor、@Outcome等，來定義并發測試。
• 使用JCStress提供的命令行工具或API來運行并發測試，并指定相關的選項和參數。
• 分析和解釋JCStress生成的測試報告，以發現并發問題并進行修復。

JCStress使用示例

測試用例1：hDp28資訊網——每日最新資訊28at.com

/*    This is our first concurrency test. It is deliberately simplistic to show    testing approaches, introduce JCStress APIs, etc.    Suppose we want to see if the field increment is atomic. We can make test    with two actors, both actors incrementing the field and recording what    value they observed into the result object. As JCStress runs, it will    invoke these methods on the objects holding the field once per each actor    and instance, and record what results are coming from there.    Done enough times, we will get the history of observed results, and that    would tell us something about the concurrent behavior.    How to run this test:       $ java -jar jcstress-samples/target/jcstress.jar -t API_01_Simple       ...        .......... [OK] org.openjdk.jcstress.samples.api.API_01_Simple          Scheduling class:            actor1: package group 0, core group 0            actor2: package group 0, core group 0          CPU allocation:            actor1: CPU #3, package #0, core #3            actor2: CPU #35, package #0, core #3          Compilation: split            actor1: C2            actor2: C2          JVM args: []          RESULT      SAMPLES    FREQ       EXPECT  DESCRIPTION            1, 1   46,946,789   10.1%  Interesting  Both actors came up with the same value: atomicity failure.            1, 2  110,240,149   23.8%   Acceptable  actor1 incremented, then actor2.            2, 1  306,529,420   66.1%   Acceptable  actor2 incremented, then actor1. */// Mark the class as JCStress test.@JCStressTest// These are the test outcomes.@Outcome(id = "1, 1", expect = ACCEPTABLE_INTERESTING, desc = "Both actors came up with the same value: atomicity failure.")@Outcome(id = "1, 2", expect = ACCEPTABLE, desc = "actor1 incremented, then actor2.")@Outcome(id = "2, 1", expect = ACCEPTABLE, desc = "actor2 incremented, then actor1.")// This is a state object@Statepublic class API_01_Simple {    int v;    @Actor    public void actor1(II_Result r) {        r.r1 = ++v; // record result from actor1 to field r1    }    @Actor    public void actor2(II_Result r) {        r.r2 = ++v; // record result from actor2 to field r2    }}

測試用例2：hDp28資訊網——每日最新資訊28at.com

@JCStressTest@Outcome(id = {"1, 2", "2, 1"}, expect = ACCEPTABLE, desc = "Mutex works")@Outcome(id = "1, 1",           expect = FORBIDDEN,  desc = "Mutex failure")@Statepublic class Mutex_06_Semaphore {    /*        How to run this test:            $ java -jar jcstress-samples/target/jcstress.jar -t Mutex_06_Semaphore    */    /*      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------        Single-permit Semaphore can be used as a crude mutex too. Of course, this primitive        is much more flexible, it can admit a few threads at once with more permits.        On x86_64, AArch64, PPC64:          RESULT      SAMPLES     FREQ      EXPECT  DESCRIPTION            1, 1            0    0.00%   Forbidden  Mutex failure            1, 2  254,394,919   50.23%  Acceptable  Mutex works            2, 1  252,081,625   49.77%  Acceptable  Mutex works     */    private final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);    private int v;    @Actor    public void actor1(II_Result r) {        try {            semaphore.acquire();            // critical section            r.r1 = ++v;            semaphore.release();        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            throw new IllegalStateException(e);        }    }    @Actor    public void actor2(II_Result r) {        try {            semaphore.acquire();            // critical section            r.r2 = ++v;            semaphore.release();        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            throw new IllegalStateException(e);        }    }}

JCStress總結

JCStress是一個強大的工具，可以幫助開發人員測試和驗證Java并發程序的正確性。它廣泛應用于Java開發社區，并被認為是Java并發測試領域的事實標準。使用JCStress可以提高并發程序的質量和可靠性，減少并發問題的出現。hDp28資訊網——每日最新資訊28at.com

參考資料：hDp28資訊網——每日最新資訊28at.com

【1】https://github.com/openjdk/jcstress/tree/master/jcstress-samples/src/main/java/org/openjdk/jcstress/samples。hDp28資訊網——每日最新資訊28at.com

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