在我們使用 Selenium 進(jìn)行 UI 自動(dòng)化測(cè)試時(shí),常常會(huì)因?yàn)闉g覽器驅(qū)動(dòng)與瀏覽器版本不匹配,而導(dǎo)致自動(dòng)化測(cè)試無法執(zhí)行,需要手動(dòng)去下載對(duì)應(yīng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)版本,并替換原有的驅(qū)動(dòng),可能還會(huì)遇到跨操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行測(cè)試的時(shí)候,以及瀏覽器自動(dòng)升級(jí)后,也會(huì)導(dǎo)致與驅(qū)動(dòng)不匹配的問題。
為了解決這個(gè)問題,可以使用 webdriver-manager,它可以幫助我們自動(dòng)識(shí)別當(dāng)前運(yùn)行環(huán)境下的系統(tǒng)信息以及對(duì)應(yīng)瀏覽器信息,并自動(dòng)下載對(duì)應(yīng)瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng)。
webdriver-manager 庫提供了自動(dòng)管理不同瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的方法。
主要思想是簡化不同瀏覽器的二進(jìn)制驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的管理。
目前支持:
安裝:
pip install webdriver_manager
原始代碼:
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 公眾號(hào):AllTests軟件測(cè)試from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
運(yùn)行后報(bào)錯(cuò),發(fā)現(xiàn)此版本的 ChromeDriver 與當(dāng)前瀏覽器版本不匹配,無法執(zhí)行。
更新代碼(導(dǎo)入webdriver-manager,運(yùn)行腳本,webdriver-manager 將檢查當(dāng)前使用的瀏覽器版本,并自動(dòng)下載/更新匹配的瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng)程序,這樣將始終保持瀏覽器版本與驅(qū)動(dòng)程序是互相匹配的。)
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 公眾號(hào):AllTests軟件測(cè)試from selenium import webdriverfrom webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManagerdriver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=ChromeDriverManager().install())driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
作者在示例中使用的是 Selenium 3,webdriver-manager 也支持 Selenium 4 的。
# selenium 3from selenium import webdriverfrom webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManagerdriver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())
# selenium 4from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeServicefrom webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManagerdriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install()))
# selenium 3from selenium import webdriverfrom webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManagerfrom webdriver_manager.core.utils import ChromeTypedriver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager(chrome_type=ChromeType.CHROMIUM).install())
# selenium 4from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromiumServicefrom webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManagerfrom webdriver_manager.core.utils import ChromeTypedriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromiumService(ChromeDriverManager(chrome_type=ChromeType.CHROMIUM).install()))
# selenium 3from selenium import webdriverfrom webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManagerfrom webdriver_manager.core.utils import ChromeTypedriver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager(chrome_type=ChromeType.BRAVE).install())
# selenium 4from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as BraveServicefrom webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManagerfrom webdriver_manager.core.utils import ChromeTypedriver = webdriver.Chrome(service=BraveService(ChromeDriverManager(chrome_type=ChromeType.BRAVE).install()))
# selenium 3from selenium import webdriverfrom webdriver_manager.microsoft import EdgeChromiumDriverManagerdriver = webdriver.Edge(EdgeChromiumDriverManager().install())
# selenium 4from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.edge.service import Service as EdgeServicefrom webdriver_manager.microsoft import EdgeChromiumDriverManagerdriver = webdriver.Edge(service=EdgeService(EdgeChromiumDriverManager().install()))
# selenium 3from selenium import webdriverfrom webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManagerdriver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=GeckoDriverManager().install())
# selenium 4from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service as FirefoxServicefrom webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManagerdriver = webdriver.Firefox(service=FirefoxService(GeckoDriverManager().install()))
# selenium 3from selenium import webdriverfrom webdriver_manager.microsoft import IEDriverManagerdriver = webdriver.Ie(IEDriverManager().install())
# selenium 4from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.ie.service import Service as IEServicefrom webdriver_manager.microsoft import IEDriverManagerdriver = webdriver.Ie(service=IEService(IEDriverManager().install()))
# selenium 3from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome import servicefrom webdriver_manager.opera import OperaDriverManagerwebdriver_service = service.Service(OperaDriverManager().install())webdriver_service.start()driver = webdriver.Remote(webdriver_service.service_url, webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.OPERA)
# selenium 4from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome import servicefrom webdriver_manager.opera import OperaDriverManagerwebdriver_service = service.Service(OperaDriverManager().install())webdriver_service.start()options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()options.add_experimental_option('w3c', True)driver = webdriver.Remote(webdriver_service.service_url, options=options)
如果需要使用自定義日志記錄,可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)記錄器并使用 set_logger() 進(jìn)行設(shè)置。
import loggingfrom webdriver_manager.core.logger import set_loggerlogger = logging.getLogger("custom_logger")logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())logger.addHandler(logging.FileHandler("custom.log"))set_logger(logger)
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