在許多業務系統中,會有大量的業務規則配置,而且隨著政策制度、業務流程甚至是管理者的決策發生變化,這些業務規則也需要進行更改。這種變化在一些行業特別頻繁,并且要求快速響應。
規則引擎的作用是為了適應這種變更需求,實現業務系統快速且低成本的更新。一般是將業務規則的配置單獨拿出來,使之與業務系統保持低耦合,如果這個用于配置的模塊做得足夠通用且獨立,那么它就可以成為一個規則引擎系統。通過規則引擎可以快速響應業務規則的變化。這種方式不需要修改代碼,減少了修改業務代碼之后出現錯誤的可能性,如果規則引擎提供前端操作界面,還能夠支持業務人員輕松上手配置業務規則。
本文主要分享一些基于Java的規則引擎,這些規則引擎是目前比較流行的項目,包括:Drolls、Easy RulesRuleBook、OpenL Tablets。并簡單介紹這些規則引擎的使用方式。
https://www.drools.org/
https://github.com/kiegroup/drools
Drools是一個業務規則管理系統(BRMS)。主要功能模塊包括:核心業務規則引擎(BRE)、Web創作和規則管理應用程序(Drools Workbench)、決策模型和符號(DMN)模型以及用于開發的IDE插件(idea、eclipse等)。
Drools體系架構如下圖所示:
Drools架構的執行步驟如下:
以下是SpringBoot的Drools使用例子。
創建一個基本的springBoot應用程序,并將drools依賴項添加到pom.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.6.6</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.praveen.drools.example</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-drools-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springboot-drools-demo</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot with Drools Engine</description> <properties> <java.version>11</java.version> <drools.version>7.67.0.Final</drools.version> <springfox-swagger2.version>3.0.0</springfox-swagger2.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.drools</groupId> <artifactId>drools-core</artifactId> <version>${drools.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.drools</groupId> <artifactId>drools-compiler</artifactId> <version>${drools.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.drools</groupId> <artifactId>drools-decisiontables</artifactId> <version>${drools.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- swagger ui --> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${springfox-swagger2.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>${springfox-swagger2.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build></project>
package com.praveen.drools.example.configuration;import com.praveen.drools.example.service.CustomerCategorizeService;import org.kie.api.KieServices;import org.kie.api.builder.KieBuilder;import org.kie.api.builder.KieFileSystem;import org.kie.api.builder.KieModule;import org.kie.api.runtime.KieContainer;import org.kie.internal.io.ResourceFactory;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/** * Drools Config. * @author Praveen.Nair */@Configurationpublic class DroolsConfig { private static final String RULES_CUSTOMER_RULES_DRL = "rules/customer-category.drl"; @Bean public KieContainer kieContainer() { final KieServices kieServices = KieServices.Factory.get(); KieFileSystem kieFileSystem = kieServices.newKieFileSystem(); kieFileSystem.write(ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource(RULES_CUSTOMER_RULES_DRL)); KieBuilder kb = kieServices.newKieBuilder(kieFileSystem); kb.buildAll(); KieModule kieModule = kb.getKieModule(); return kieServices.newKieContainer(kieModule.getReleaseId()); }}
這個配置類創建一個springbean KieContainer,通過加載應用程序/resources文件夾下的規則文件來構建規則引擎。
創建KieFileSystem實例并從應用程序的resources目錄加載DRL文件。接著使用KieService和KieBuilder創建KieContainer并將其配置為spring bean。
創建名為CustomerRequest的Pojo類和字段。
package com.praveen.drools.example.model;import java.util.Objects;import java.util.StringJoiner;/** * Customer request POJO. * @author Praveen.Nair */public final class CustomerRequest { private final long id; private final Integer age; private final String gender; private final Integer numberOfOrders; public CustomerRequest(long id, Integer age, String gender, Integer numberOfOrders) { this.id = id; this.age = age; this.gender = gender; this.numberOfOrders = numberOfOrders; } public long getId() { return id; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public Integer getNumberOfOrders() { return numberOfOrders; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) { return true; } if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) { return false; } CustomerRequest that = (CustomerRequest) o; return id == that.id && Objects.equals(age, that.age) && Objects.equals(gender, that.gender) && Objects.equals(numberOfOrders, that.numberOfOrders); } @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(id, age, gender, numberOfOrders); } @Override public String toString() { return new StringJoiner(", ", CustomerRequest.class.getSimpleName() + "[", "]") .add("id=" + id) .add("age=" + age) .add("gender=" + gender) .add("numberOfOrders='" + numberOfOrders + "'") .toString(); }}
我們將這個類作為請求對象參數傳給規則引擎,并且將字段作為輸入發送到定義的規則中,以便為派生customerType。
另外,再定義了一個名為CustomerCategory.java的java枚舉,用于保存客戶類別,規則引擎根據該值派生客戶類型。
package com.praveen.drools.example.model;/** * Customer Categories. */public enum CustomerCategory { GENERAL, KIDS, SENIOR_CITIZEN, SUSPENDED; public String getValue() { return this.toString(); }}
創建一個名為CustomerType的響應POJO類,如下所示。
package com.praveen.drools.example.model;import java.util.Objects;import java.util.StringJoiner;/** * CustomerType Response model. * @author Praveen.Nair */public class CustomerType { private CustomerCategory customerType; public CustomerCategory getCustomerType() { return customerType; } public void setCustomerType(CustomerCategory customerType) { this.customerType = customerType; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) { return true; } if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) { return false; } CustomerType that = (CustomerType) o; return customerType == that.customerType; } @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(customerType); } @Override public String toString() { return new StringJoiner(", ", CustomerType.class.getSimpleName() + "[", "]") .add("customerType=" + customerType) .toString(); }}
創建一個名為customer-category.drl的drools規則文件,并將該文件放在目錄/src/main/resources/rules下。
import com.praveen.drools.example.model.CustomerRequestimport com.praveen.drools.example.model.CustomerCategory;global com.praveen.drools.example.model.CustomerType customerType;dialect "mvel"rule "Categorize customer based on age" when CustomerRequest(age < 20) then customerType.setCustomerType(CustomerCategory.KIDS);endrule "Categorize senior citizen customer based on age" when CustomerRequest(age > 50) then customerType.setCustomerType(CustomerCategory.SENIOR_CITIZEN);endrule "Categorize customer based on number of orders" when CustomerRequest(numberOfOrders == 0) then customerType.setCustomerType(CustomerCategory.SUSPENDED);endrule "Categorize customer general case" when CustomerRequest((gender == "M" || gender == "F") && age > 20 && age < 50) then customerType.setCustomerType(CustomerCategory.GENERAL);end
需要在DRL文件中import 使用到的模型。定義一個名為customerType的全局參數,作為多個規則之間共享數據。
DRL文件可以包含一個或多個規則。可以使用mvel語法來指定規則。此外,每個規則都可以使用rule關鍵字進行描述。
然后定義when-then語法來指定規則的條件。根據Customer請求的輸入值,我們將設置customerType結果。
創建一個名為CustomerCategorizeService的服務類,并添加以下內容。
package com.praveen.drools.example.service;import com.praveen.drools.example.model.CustomerRequest;import com.praveen.drools.example.model.CustomerType;import org.kie.api.runtime.KieContainer;import org.kie.api.runtime.KieSession;/** * Customer Categorization service. * @author Praveen.Nair */public class CustomerCategorizeService { private final KieContainer kieContainer; public CustomerCategorizeService(KieContainer kieContainer) { this.kieContainer = kieContainer; } public CustomerType getCustomerType(CustomerRequest customerRequest) { CustomerType customerType = new CustomerType(); KieSession kieSession = kieContainer.newKieSession(); kieSession.setGlobal("customerType", customerType); kieSession.insert(customerRequest); kieSession.fireAllRules(); kieSession.dispose(); return customerType; }}
使用注入的KieContainer實例創建KieSession實例。返回一個CustomerType類型的全局參數,這個CustomerType將用于保存規則執行結果。
使用insert方法將customerRequest傳遞給DRL文件,然后我們通過調用fireAllRules方法觸發所有規則,最后通過調用KieSession的dispose方法終止會話。
接著開發一個Controller 將服務發布為一個API: /API/getCustomerType。API的入參為CustomerRequest對象,返回類型為CustomerType。Controller代碼如下所示:
packagecom.praveen.drools.example.web;import com.praveen.drools.example.model.CustomerRequest;import com.praveen.drools.example.model.CustomerType;import com.praveen.drools.example.service.CustomerCategorizeService;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController@RequestMapping("/api/getCustomerType")public class CustomerCategorizeController { private final CustomerCategorizeService customerCategorizeService; public CustomerCategorizeController( CustomerCategorizeService customerCategorizeService) { this.customerCategorizeService = customerCategorizeService; } @PostMapping public ResponseEntity<CustomerType> getCustomer(@RequestBody CustomerRequest customerRequest) { CustomerType customerType = customerCategorizeService.getCustomerType(customerRequest); return new ResponseEntity<>(customerType, HttpStatus.OK); }}
https://github.com/j-easy/easy-rules
EasyRule是一個輕量級的規則引擎。它提供了用于創建規則的抽象以及規則引擎API,它通過運行一組規則來檢測條件并執行操作。
以下是EasyRule的一些核心特性:
以下是Java中使用EasyRules的例子:
<dependency> <groupId>org.jeasy</groupId> <artifactId>easy-rules-core</artifactId> <version>3.3.0</version></dependency>
Easy Rules提供了一些選項來創建規則:
定義方式如下面Java代碼:
@Rule(name = "cart total rule", description = "Give 10% off when shopping cart is greater than $200" )public class CartTotalRule { @Condition public boolean cartTotal(@Fact("cart") Cart cart) { return cart.isGreaterThanTwoHundered; } @Action public void giveDiscount(@Fact("cart") Cart cart) { cart.setTotalDiscount(200); }}
public class CartTotalRuleTest { public static void main(String[] args) { // define facts Facts facts = new Facts(); facts.put("cart", get_customer_cart); // define rules Rule cartTotalRUle = CartTotalRule Rules rules = new Rules(); rules.register(cartTotalRUle); // fire rules on known facts RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(); rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts); }}
https://github.com/deliveredtechnologies/rulebook
RuleBook提供了一個簡單、靈活并且直觀的DSL。RuleBook提供了易于使用的Lambda特定語言或POJO方式來定義規則,Java開發人員可以通過帶注解的POJO來組織大規模規則集合,替代那些又臭又長的“if/else”。
以下是在Java使用RuleBook的Demo。
<dependency> <groupId>com.deliveredtechnologies</groupId> <artifactId>rulebook-core</artifactId> <version>${version}</version></dependency>
public class Cart{ private double cartTotal; private String cartId; private Customer user; private List cartEntries; //getter and setter}public class ShoppingCartRule extends CoRRuleBook { @Override public void defineRules() { //give 10% off when cart total is greater than $200 addRule(RuleBuilder.create().withFactType(Cart.class).withResultType(Double.class) .when(facts -> facts.getOne().getCartTotal() > 200) .then((facts, result) -> result.setValue(20)) .stop() .build());}
public class CartPromotionRule { public static void main(String[] args) { RuleBook cartPromotion = RuleBookBuilder.create(ShoppingCartRule.class).withResultType(Double.class) .withDefaultResult(0.0) .build(); NameValueReferableMap facts = new FactMap(); facts.setValue("cart", new Cart(450.0, 123456, customer, entries)); cartPromotion.run(facts); }}
http://openl-tablets.org/
https://github.com/openl-tablets/openl-tablets
OpenL Tablets 是一個基于 Java和Excel決策表工具的業務規則引擎(BRE)和業務規則管理系統(BRMS)。
主要包括以下幾個部分:
以下是在Java中使用OpenL Tablets的例子。
<dependency> <groupId>org.openl</groupId> <artifactId>org.openl.core</artifactId> <version>${version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.openl.rules</groupId> <artifactId>org.openl.rules</artifactId> <version>${version}</version></dependency>
(2)java實現
public class Main { private CartPromotionRules instance; public static void main(String[] args) { Main rules = new Main(); // setup user and case here rules.process(aCase); } public void process(Case aCase) { EngineFactory engineFactory = new RulesEngineFactory( getClass().getClassLoader() .getResource("rules.xls"), CartPromotionRules.class); instance = engineFactory.newEngineInstance(); instance.executePromotion(aCase, new Response()); }}
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