通過join()方法使當前線程“阻塞”,等待指定線程執行完畢后繼續執行。
舉例:在線程thread2中,加上一句thread1.join(),其意義在于,當前線程2運行到此行代碼時會進入阻塞狀態,直到線程thread1執行完畢后,線程thread2才會繼續運行,這就保證了線程thread1與線程thread2的運行順序。
public class ThreadJoinDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("打開冰箱!"); } }); final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { thread1.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶!"); } }); final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { thread2.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("關上冰箱!"); } }); //下面三行代碼順序可隨意調整,程序運行結果不受影響,因為我們在子線程中通過“join()方法”已經指定了運行順序。 thread3.start(); thread2.start(); thread1.start(); }}
運行結果:
打開冰箱!拿出一瓶牛奶!關上冰箱!
簡單說一下子線程與主線程的區別,子線程指的是發生在Thread內部的代碼,主線程指的是發生在main函數中的代碼,我們可以在main函數中通過join()方法讓主線程阻塞等待以達到指定順序執行的目的。
public class ThreadMainJoinDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("打開冰箱!"); } }); final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶!"); } }); final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("關上冰箱!"); } }); thread1.start(); thread1.join(); thread2.start(); thread2.join(); thread3.start(); }}
輸出結果:
打開冰箱!拿出一瓶牛奶!關上冰箱!
CountDownLatch通過計數器提供了更靈活的控制,只要檢測到計數器為0當前線程就可以往下執行而不用管相應的thread是否執行完畢。
public class ThreadCountDownLatchDemo { private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch1 = new CountDownLatch(1); private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch2 = new CountDownLatch(1); public static void main(String[] args) { final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("打開冰箱!"); countDownLatch1.countDown(); } }); final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { countDownLatch1.await(); System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶!"); countDownLatch2.countDown(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { countDownLatch2.await(); System.out.println("關上冰箱!"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); //下面三行代碼順序可隨意調整,程序運行結果不受影響 thread3.start(); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); }}
輸出結果:
打開冰箱!拿出一瓶牛奶!關上冰箱!
單線程化線程池(newSingleThreadExecutor)的優點,串行執行所有任務。
public class ThreadPoolDemo { static ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); public static void main(String[] args) { final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("打開冰箱!"); } }); final Thread thread2 =new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶!"); } }); final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("關上冰箱!"); } }); executorService.submit(thread1); executorService.submit(thread2); executorService.submit(thread3); executorService.shutdown(); //使用完畢記得關閉線程池 }}
輸出結果:
打開冰箱!拿出一瓶牛奶!關上冰箱!
本文鏈接:http://www.tebozhan.com/showinfo-26-96998-0.html掌握這四種方法,多線程按序執行不再是問題
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