在Python編程領(lǐng)域,sorted()函數(shù)作為數(shù)據(jù)排序的核心工具,憑借其靈活性和高效性,成為了每個開發(fā)者手中的必備神器。本文將帶你全面了解sorted()函數(shù)的使用方法、高級技巧及實(shí)際應(yīng)用,通過超過10個生動的代碼示例,深度挖掘這一功能的強(qiáng)大之處。
sorted()函數(shù)是一種內(nèi)置的高級排序方法,能夠?qū)θ魏慰傻鷮ο螅ㄈ缌斜怼⒃M、字符串等)進(jìn)行排序,返回一個新的排序后的列表,原對象保持不變。其基本語法為:sorted(iterable[, key][, reverse]),其中:
iterable 是待排序的可迭代對象。
key 是一個可選參數(shù),用于指定一個函數(shù)來作為排序的依據(jù)。
reverse 也是一個可選參數(shù),布爾值,默認(rèn)為False,表示升序排列;設(shè)為True則為降序排列。
示例1:簡單列表排序
numbers = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6]sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)print(sorted_numbers) # 輸出:[1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9]
示例2:字符串排序
words = ["banana", "apple", "cherry"]sorted_words = sorted(words)print(sorted_words) # 輸出:['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
示例3:按字符串長度排序
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]sorted_by_length = sorted(fruits, key=len)print(sorted_by_length) # 輸出:['date', 'apple', 'cherry', 'banana']
示例4:按絕對值排序負(fù)數(shù)
nums = [-5, -3, 2, 4, -1]sorted_abs = sorted(nums, key=abs)print(sorted_abs) # 輸出:[-1, 2, -3, 4, -5]示例5:按姓名的姓氏排序people = ["Alice Johnson", "Bob Smith", "Charlie Brown"]sorted_by_last_name = sorted(people, key=lambda name: name.split()[-1])print(sorted_by_last_name) # 輸出:['Charlie Brown', 'Alice Johnson', 'Bob Smith']
示例6:降序排列整數(shù)
numbers_desc = sorted([8, 3, 1, 6, 4], reverse=True)print(numbers_desc) # 輸出:[8, 6, 4, 3, 1]
示例7:字符串倒序排列
words_desc = sorted(["hello", "world", "python"], reverse=True)print(words_desc) # 輸出:['python', 'world', 'hello']
示例8:先按長度后按字母順序排序
items = ["apple", "banana", "pear", "orange"]sorted_complex = sorted(items, key=lambda x: (len(x), x))print(sorted_complex) # 輸出:['pear', 'apple', 'orange', 'banana']
示例9:排序字典列表的某個字段
students = [ {"name": "Tom", "grade": 88}, {"name": "Jerry", "grade": 92}, {"name": "Spike", "grade": 76}]sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda student: student["grade"], reverse=True)print(sorted_students)# 輸出:[{'name': 'Jerry', 'grade': 92}, {'name': 'Tom', 'grade': 88}, {'name': 'Spike', 'grade': 76}]
示例10:統(tǒng)計(jì)詞頻并排序
from collections import Countertext = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"words = text.split()word_counts = Counter(words)sorted_word_counts = sorted(word_counts.items(), key=lambda item: item[1], reverse=True)print(sorted_word_counts)# 輸出:[('the', 2), ('quick', 1), ('brown', 1), ('fox', 1), ('jumps', 1), ('over', 1), ('lazy', 1), ('dog', 1)]
通過以上示例,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)sorted()函數(shù)的靈活性和強(qiáng)大功能,它不僅能夠滿足基礎(chǔ)的排序需求,還能通過key和reverse參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的排序邏輯,極大地增強(qiáng)了Python在數(shù)據(jù)處理方面的表現(xiàn)力。無論是在數(shù)據(jù)分析、文本處理還是日常編程中,熟練掌握并運(yùn)用sorted()函數(shù)都將使你的代碼更加高效、優(yōu)雅。希望本文能激發(fā)你對sorted()函數(shù)更深層次的探索和實(shí)踐,讓它成為你編程生涯中不可或缺的得力助手。
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